Albert Einstein

Born:

March 14, 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, Germany

Died:

April 18, 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States

Nationality:

German (until 1896), Stateless (1896–1901), Swiss (1901–1955), German (1914–1933), American (1940–1955)

Profession(s):

Theoretical Physicist, Mathematician

Early Life and Education

• Born in Ulm, Germany, to a Jewish family.
• Showed early interest in mathematics and physics.
• Attended the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich, graduating in 1900.
• Initially struggled to find an academic position after graduation.

Career and Major Achievements

• Worked as a patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland, during his "miracle year" (1905).
• Published four groundbreaking papers in 1905 on:
  • The photoelectric effect.
  • Brownian motion.
  • Special relativity.
  • Mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²).
• Developed the general theory of relativity (published 1915).
• Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
• Emigrated to the United States in 1933 to escape Nazi persecution.
• Worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, until his death.

Notable Works

• "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (1905) - Special relativity.
• "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" (1905) - Mass-energy equivalence.
• "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity" (1916).
• Numerous scientific papers and books on physics, relativity, and other topics.
• Authored letters to President Roosevelt regarding the potential for atomic weapons, indirectly contributing to the Manhattan Project.

Legacy and Impact

Albert Einstein is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of all time. His theories revolutionized our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the universe. The enduring significance of warona setshwaelo biography of albert einstein demonstrates the lasting impact of his contributions to science and intellectual thought.

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