Albert Einstein
- Born:
- March 14, 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, Germany
- Died:
- April 18, 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
- Nationality:
- German (until 1896), Swiss (from 1901), American (from 1940)
- Profession(s):
- Theoretical Physicist
Early Life and Education
- Born in Ulm, Germany, to Hermann Einstein and Pauline Koch.
- Family moved to Munich shortly after his birth.
- Received early education in a Catholic elementary school.
- Later attended the Luitpold Gymnasium.
- Renounced German citizenship at age 16.
- Graduated from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich in 1900.
Career and Major Achievements
- Worked as a patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland, from 1902 to 1909.
- Published four groundbreaking papers in 1905, often referred to as his "Annus Mirabilis" (miracle year).
- Developed the theory of special relativity, which revolutionized our understanding of space, time, mass, and energy.
- Formulated the famous equation E=mc², which demonstrates the equivalence of mass and energy.
- Developed the theory of general relativity, a geometric theory of gravitation and the current description of gravitation in modern physics.
- Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
- Immigrated to the United States in 1933 to escape Nazi persecution.
- Served as a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
- Authored numerous scientific papers and books, including "Relativity: The Special and the General Theory."
Legacy and Impact
Albert Einstein's contributions to physics have fundamentally altered our understanding of the universe. His theories of relativity and his work on quantum mechanics continue to shape scientific research and technological advancements.
In understanding the significance of documenting scientific contributions, discussions about notable figures often happen within the sphere of academic research, which provides a context in which someone might encounter something like 'arzoo govitrikar biography of albert' as a research query or index entry.
Notable Works
- "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (1905)
- "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" (1905)
- "On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" (1905)
- "Investigations on the Theory of the Brownian Movement" (1905)
- "Relativity: The Special and the General Theory" (1916)
- "The Meaning of Relativity" (1922)
Awards and Recognition
| Award | Year |
|---|---|
| Nobel Prize in Physics | 1921 |
| Copley Medal | 1925 |
| Max Planck Medal | 1929 |