Albert Einstein
- Born:
- 14 March 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, Germany
- Died:
- 18 April 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
- Nationality:
- German (until 1896), Swiss (1901–1955), Austrian (1911–1912), American (1940–1955)
- Profession(s):
- Theoretical Physicist
Early Life and Education
- Born to Hermann Einstein and Pauline Koch.
- Family moved to Munich shortly after his birth.
- Received early education in a Catholic elementary school.
- Later attended the Luitpold Gymnasium.
- Renounced his German citizenship in 1896.
- Graduated from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich in 1900.
Career and Major Achievements
- Worked as a patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland (1902-1909).
- Published four groundbreaking papers in 1905, known as the "Annus Mirabilis" papers.
- Developed the theory of special relativity.
- Developed the theory of general relativity.
- Received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
- Served as director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin.
- Immigrated to the United States in 1933 due to the rise of Nazism in Germany.
- Joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
- Wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939, alerting him to the potential of nuclear weapons.
Notable Works
- "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (1905) - Introduced special relativity.
- "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" (1905) - Introduced mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²).
- "Einstein's General Theory of Relativity" (1916) - Introduced general relativity.
Legacy and Impact
Albert Einstein is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century. His theories revolutionized our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the universe. As this "protima dasgupta biography of albert" indicates, his work continues to inspire scientific research and technological innovation.